Nginx

Nginx简单入门

Posted by WWJ on November 1, 2018

#nginx简单入门

安装

  1. 先安装homebrew官网，在终端里执行以下命令 
    /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

    enter image description here enter image description here

  2. 安装nginx 
    brew install nginx

    enter image description here

  3. 启动nginx enter image description here

  4. 打开http://localhost:8080/ enter image description here

Nginx常用命令

# 启动
nginx -s start;
# 重新启动，热启动，修改配置重启不影响线上
nginx -s reload;
# 关闭
nginx -s stop;
# 修改配置后，可以通过下面的命令测试是否有语法错误
nginx -t;

Nginx配置

Nginx及其模块的工作方式由配置文件确定。默认情况下，配置文件名为nginx.conf，放在/usr/local/nginx/conf /etc/nginx 或者/usr/local/etc/nginx文件夹中

我的nginx配置文件放在/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf中，打开配置文件(我使用的是vscode编辑器，code .命令即打开当前目录)

cd /usr/local/etc/nginx

code .
  1. nginx.conf文件配置项
#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       8080;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
    include servers/*;
}

入门不需要考虑这么多参数，几个必须的就好了，简化一下


#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    server {
        listen       8000;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   /Users/wuwenjie2001/Documents/personalPro/nginx-study/src/app; 
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        
}

#启动进程，通常设置成和CPU的数量相等
worker_process： 1

#工作模式及连接数设置
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

#http指令 Web 服务器一个重要的功能是服务静态文件（图像或静态HTML页面）。例如，Nginx 可以很方便的让服务器从本读/Users/wuwenjie2001/Documents/personalPro/nginx-study/src/app 获取 html 文件，这只需要在http块指令中的server块指令中设置location块指令。

#在8000端口上监听
listen   8000;
#服务名称
server_name   localhost;
#root 返回本地/Users/wuwenjie2001/Documents/personalPro/nginx-study/src/app文件夹中index.html的内容
#index 可访问的文件类型
location / {
	root   /Users/wuwenjie2001/Documents/personalPro/nginx-study/src/app; 
	index  index.html index.htm;
}
  1. 接下来就在/Users/wuwenjie2001/Documents/personalPro/nginx-study/src/app文件中创建一个index.html文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    welcome to nginx
</body>
</html>

nginx -s reload

再次打开http://localhost:8080/ enter image description here

我们再修改一下nginx.conf文件，在http指令块里加上以下代码

http {
	http {
    upstream WB {
        server   10.10.8.173:7000;
    }
    server {
        listen       8000;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            # root   /Users/wuwenjie2001/Documents/personalPro/nginx-study/src/app; 
            index  index.html index.htm;
            proxy_pass   http://WB;
        }
    }
}

}

反向代理【proxy_pass】

所谓反向代理，很简单，其实就是在location这一段配置中的root替换成proxy_pass即可。root说明是静态资源，可以由Nginx进行返回；而proxy_pass说明是动态请求，需要进行转发，比如代理到Tomcat上。（我这里填的是本地7000端口所在的地址）

负载均衡【upstream】

上面的反向代理中，我们通过proxy_pass来指定Tomcat的地址，很显然我们只能指定一台Tomcat地址

先打开http://localhost:7000/ enter image description here

再次打开http://localhost:8000/时别忘了reload 可以看到访问8000端口后，返回的内容跟7000端口一样，成功代理到localost:7000 enter image description here

好了，也是初次学习nginx，理解的就这么多了，后序在继续学习

CATALOG